Líneas de campo magnético
Vamos a hacer un experimento bien sencillo, usando un imán, limaduras de hierro (utilizamos restos de duplicados de llaves), un colador para esparcir las limaduras, y un papel.
¿Y qué haremos? Dibujar: el imán irá «colocando» las limaduras sobre el papel dibujando líneas.
Intentemos explicar qué ocurre:
El imán perturba el espacio que le rodea: a su alrededor crea lo que se llama un campo magnético (fue Michael Faraday quien eligió este nombre tan agrícola, por similitud a los campos de cultivo). Pero, ¿cómo lo vemos?
Podemos observar los efectos del campo sobre las limaduras: son atraídas por el imán.
Pero además podemos ver cómo es el campo: las limaduras se van distribuyendo sobre el papel dibujando unas líneas que se llaman líneas de campo magnético.
Para acabar, tres comentarios sobre las líneas de campo:
- Donde las líneas están más concentradas, en los extremos del imán que llamaremos polos, es donde el campo magnético es más fuerte. Todo imán tiene siempre dos polos, no es posible tener polos magnéticos sueltos: si se corta un imán de barra por la mitad, no se obtiene un polo norte y un polo sur aislados, sino dos imanes con sus correspondientes polos norte y sur.
- En realidad se trata de un continuo de líneas: la cantidad de líneas que podemos ver, depende del tamaño de las limaduras.
- Ah! Si sustituimos el imán por uno con forma diferente, se dibujarán otras líneas distintas, es decir, se creerá otro campo magnético.
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