Si nos asomamos dentro del átomo (dentro de cada una de las piezas de lego que forman la materia) usando una gran lupa (1), vemos que casi todo está vacío. ¿Pero cómo?, ¿no había más cosas dentro del átomo? Sí, por eso hemos dicho “casi”, así que para ver algo más que vacío, tendremos que coger una lupa muchísimo más grande.
Para entenderlo mejor, vamos a imaginar que el átomo es tan grande como un campo de fútbol. Entramos y está vacío. Pero como hemos dicho que tiene que haber algo dentro, decidimos buscar y buscar, y encontramos justo en el centro… ¡una canica!, eso es el núcleo del átomo, así de pequeño es en relación al átomo.
Pero no hemos acabado, hay algo más: hay un revoloteo de mosquitos por todo el campo, que no llegamos a localizar exactamente dónde están, pero que los sentimos zumbando de un lado a otro. Esos mosquitos son los electrones.
¡Increíble! Entonces la materia está formada por 100 grupos de pequeñas piezas de lego, los átomos, que resultan estar casi vacíos, salvo una nube de partículas diminutas, los electrones, revoloteando a sus anchas por todo ese espacio del que disponen dentro del átomo, y un núcleo pequeñísimo en el centro.
Los electrones ya no se pueden dividir más, son lo que se llaman partículas elementales. Sin embargo, si miramos dentro del núcleo (a través de la canica que encontramos en el campo de fútbol) vemos que hay más cosas. Pero sobre esto, hablaremos otro día.
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